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The ‘Two Face’ of Super-Earth Exoplanets

March 31, 2016 By Roxanne Briean Leave a Comment

The study of exoplanets has been a focus of scientists

The study of exoplanets has been a focus of scientists and astronomers for years, whether it has been for merely understanding the surrounding solar systems or for finding another planet such as ours. A planet that could host the human race one day or a planet that could already be the home of intelligent life forms.

But looking for such planets is a long and tenuous road, and the discoveries on the way may find their worth in equally amazing results. We may not be finding life or homes, but instead, we are finding secrets of how the universe works, how it was formed and maybe even how we came to be.

On that note, an international group of astronomers has recently completed the mapping of the surface of a very peculiar exoplanet. Named 55 Cancri e, this particular exoplanet was the topic of scientific discussion recently after the Hubble Space Telescope was able to study the composition of its atmosphere through a new method of observation and analysis.

Now, it will make an even better topic of discussion as while the researchers were keeping their eyes on it, they noticed something astounding. Starting with the readings that described a very high margin of temperature swings on the surface of 55 Cancri e, scientists soon realized that this constant see-saw of heat has led the planet of developing a two-faced feature. One half of the planet is almost completely solid while the other half is nearly completely buried in lava. As a result, the hot side can score temperatures up to 2,500 degrees Celsius (roughly 4,500 Fahrenheit) while the cool side only goes as far as 1,100 degrees Celsius (2,000 Fahrenheit).

A year on 55 Cancri e lasts only 18 hours. One half is always facing the star it orbits, similarly to how the Moon does around our own Earth. While the scorched face of this exoplanet has lost any traces of an atmosphere, scientists believe that the ‘cool’ side may still detain traces, despite its still hot temperatures. Researchers mentioned that the loss of its atmosphere may have been determined by the fact that heat is never being efficiently transferred from the scorched face and into the other one.

55 Cancri e remains one very exciting starting point of study for astronomers as it’s one of the closest exoplanets to our solar system, making its observation a little less difficult.

Image Source: 1

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 55 Cancri e, 55 cancri e mapping, Exoplanets, two-faced planet

Hubble Space Telescope Detected the Composition of Super Earth Atmosphere

February 17, 2016 By Michael Turner Leave a Comment

Hubble Space Telescope Detected the Composition of Super Earth Atmosphere

The mere capabilities of space observation tools these days has become truly outstanding as proved recently – the Hubble Space Telescope detected the composition of super earth atmosphere. The telescope studied a particular super earth known as 55 Cancri e, also called Janssen.

55 Cancri e is an extrasolar planet that orbits Copernicus, a G-type star 41 light years away from the Earth. In terms of astronomic distances, this counts as close to our own solar system, but still unfeasibly far away from human or probe travel at the current time. 55 Cancri e is called a super earth because It is larger than our very own Earth, but its mass remains smaller than the ones found on gas giants in a solar system.

Which is what makes the fact that the Hubble Space Telescope was able to not just spot it, but also thoroughly study it and the composition of its atmosphere. 55 Cancri e is a planet that lies very close to its sun, resulting in a temperature that goes up to 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit (2,000 degrees Celsius).

By applying a new method of observation and analysis, the Hubble Spacce Telescope was able to look closely at what the atmosphere of this planet is like, in hopes of understanding and expanding the knowledge we have on super earths across the Milky Way. This is an important study as it’s believed that super earths are the most often found type of planet in our galaxy. Now that a characterization of this type of planet has been made, researchers can understand better what they should be looking for when studying other planets.

55 Cancri e is a very exotic example of a super earth regardless, and most likely one of the most inhospitable scenarios to begin with. Because it’s orbiting so close to its host star, it completes one orbit every 18 hours. Scientists have detected that its atmosphere is mostly comprised of hydrogen and helium, extremely dry with no indications of any water vapors. Although it was originally believed that 55 Cancri e had an interior heavily consisting of carbon, gaining the title of a possible ‘diamond planet’. After the most recent studies, however, it was detected that the core may not be as carbon-rich as previously thought, but instead the atmosphere proved to contain hydrogen cyanide instead.

Given these discoveries as they were made thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists can now understand the way the planet evolved and they took the chance to express the surprise at seeing at how much of its primordial gas atmosphere the 55 Cancri e super earth has retained.

Researchers will certainly continue to apply this new analysis technique on other smaller, cooler planets that the telescope can pick up on in search for more knowledge of alien planets.

Image Source: 1

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 55 Cancri e, 55 Cancri e atmosphere, Janssen Planet, Super Earth

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