Last year, in 2012, the people who belongs to academic group was not convinced when Voyager 1 mission panel declared that the spacecraft has arrived at interstellar space.

Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were released in space in 1977. The aim behind them was to examine the planets of our solar systems.

At present, two researchers are trying to make a special design in order to confirm this news related to Voyager 1. This experiment will verify whether the spacecraft is inside or outside the helisophere. Helisophere is a sort of bubble filled by the interplanetary medium and extending well beyond the orbit of Pluto. Scientists believe that Voyager 1 will take a year or two, not more than that, to go across the current sheet of helisophere. It will create a reversal near the magnetic field of the spacecraft which will uncover whether Voyager1 is inside the helisophere or not.

Presently, George  Gloeckler of University of Michigan is the in charge of the study outlining the details of the test. He said that scientific measurement and proof are the only things which will help them in getting into the bottom of this news.

There are some other points which provides a slight signs that spacecraft have left the helisophere. For instance, there is a solar out break which shook the elements around the probe.

Paleontologists will be able to revisit one of North America’s troves which contains fossil from the Pleistocene era, for the first time in 30 years. The Natural Trap Cave in north central Wyoming is 85 feet deep and is positioned in such a way that it is almost impossible to see unless the observer is standing right next to it. The cave borrows its name from the tens of thousands of years of animals plunging to their deaths because of not having noticed the sink hole. The fossils therein include the now extinct mammoth, short faced bears, American lions and cheetahs. The opening of the sink hole is 15 feet wide.
Now the US Bureau of Land Management has decided to open a metal grate over the opening of the cave to let scientists explore the cave. Des Moines University paleontologist Julie Meachen said she is getting ready to lead the international team in to the cave by practicing climbing.

She admitted on Wednesday that she is quite frightened since she hasn’t done any real climbing and the only way out of the hole is an eight story single rope climb all the way back-up.

Breithaupt, who visited the cave when it was open for inspection the last time says that it is in fact a dangerous hole but one that holds great scientific value. He also explained that some mammal remains could be over a 100,000 years old.

One goal of exploring the hole is to learn more about the Pleistocene period and extinction, when drastic climate changes and the emergence of humans wiped out many species. Meachen suggests that the area surrounding the cave may have looked much like it does at the moment however it was probably colder and wetter.

The scientists will camp near the cave and venture into the cave more than once a day and somehow manage to get the fossils up in boxes. Meachen says she knows that it is going to be difficult but is confident that they will be well-prepared.

Darwin, the evolutionary biologist made an observation in 1871 that dogs feel jealous of their master’s affection towards other creatures. Since then there has been significant debate over the idea of jealousy in dogs and animals in general. In fact, its not as if we have an intricate understanding of why humans feel jealousy and how the mind exactly operates under such a mental state.

However, interestingly, experts at the University of California discovered that dogs had a higher chance of pushing their owners if they felt they were being excluded from their owner’s affection. The lead researcher Professor Christine Harris suggests that the study doesn’t only prove that dogs exhibit jealous behavior but also that they seek to break up the connection between the owner and the perceived rival. She also disagrees with the idea the jealousy is a social construction and is limited to humans, she says that the study suggests that animals besides us feel a strong sense of distress whenever a seeming rival takes a loved one’s affection.

The study used an adapted test for six month old babies to monitor the reaction of 36 dogs. The owner would ignore the dog and aim to give affection to a stuffed dog which could bark and wag its tail. The dogs were filmed and the recording shows a variety of behaviors that are indicative of a jealous feeling. The aggression displayed by most of the dogs was – according to the researchers – suggestive of the fact that they thought the stuffed animal was a real dog and in comparable instances of inanimate objects like a Halloween bucket similar aggression was not exhibited.

Prof Harris said that they couldn’t really speak to the dogs but their behavior was indicative of the fact that they felt like they needed to protect an important social relationship.

This not only suggests that animals can express feelings of jealousy but also indicates towards a more complex cognition in dogs. It shows that they are capable of complex emotions and might not be as simple minded as many humans believe. It might also be interesting to see whether other animals exhibit the same behavior and a comparison between much conditioned animals who are tamed like dogs and other wilder animals which are conditioned would also perhaps conclusively tell us whether animals inherently have these complicated cognitive processes or if they learn to act the way they do because of years of conditioning with humans.

The physics has the answer of the question, how airplanes evolved. According to a study conducted by Adrian Bejan, professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Duke University ,a law of physics can describe the evolution of passenger airplanes from propeller-driven DC-3s of yore to today’s behemoth Boeing 787s. The law, has written down two decades ago, will also give insight to air plane companies how to improve their planes. It is certainly difficult mission to find out how the air planes have evolved since it took place in several life times. The exact answers to all these queries are in the constructal law that was developed by Began in 1996. It state that for a system to stay alive, it ought to develop its system.

The constructal law also showed principles of chief design features of an air craft, the engine mass has remained proportional to the body size, the wing size has been tied to the fuselage length, and the fuel load has grown in step with the total weight.

To put these theories of air plane design into operation, he made a panel with Jordan Charles, a researcher and development engineer, and Sylvie Lorente, a professor of civil engineering at the University of Toulouse, to make a successful commercial air plane. They planned thousands of statistics that included year of introduction, size, cruising speed, engine weight, fuel weight, range, wingspan and fuselage length, many patterns began to come into view.