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Zika May Also Affect Adults and Damage Brain Cells

August 21, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

Zika damages brain cells

Zika virus might also damage brain cells in adults

The recent study has proved that the Zika virus might also damage brain cells in adults. The affected adult neurons are those used to replace lost and damaged neurons in adult brains which are highly important when learning.

Until now, the focus of the Zika virus was only on how it affects the fetal brain development and on how pregnant women should avoid getting infected by canceling their visits to areas where the virus was installed.

The study that was conducted on mice was the first one to analyze the effects that the virus has on the adult brain. As the finding reveal, getting infected with the Zika virus might not be as harmless as people believe. The infection with the mosquito-borne Zika virus may injure adult brain cells.

However, more studies must be conducted to find out how this damage on adult brain cells has long-term biological implications or how it can potentially affect a person’s behavior.

Sujan Shresta, a professor at the La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology believes that it is a certainty that the virus can enter the brain cells of the adult and have a destructive effect.

Researchers focused on the early forms of brain cells that go on to become neurons, called neural progenitor cells and often considered them the stem cells of the brain. By attacking these neural progenitor cells in children, Zika causes microcephaly which leads to babies being born with unusually small heads, brain damage, and disabilities.

Adult brains also contain some of the niches of these neural progenitor cells which fill up neurons in parts of the brain linked to learning and memory.

By using fluorescent biomarkers in mice, researchers saw that the adult neural progenitor cells were vulnerable to the Zika infection and were killed by the virus. It is still unclear what could be the effect the virus has on the adult human brain over time.

During previous studies, researchers proved that the key to the brain’s ability to adapt and change is integrating new neurons into learning and memory circuits. Without this process, the cognitive evolution declines and could lead to Alzheimer’s disease or other similar conditions.

Image source:Wikipedia

Filed Under: Health, Uncategorized

Science Receives a Helping Hand from a Green Caterpillar

August 16, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

green caterpillar helps scientists

The green caterpillar’s genome helps scientists

A team of scientists has just unlocked many secrets of insect biology by sequencing the genome of a green caterpillar also known as the Manduca sexta.

Before the larva of this green caterpillar pupates, it goes through a stage called the pre-pupa, where it shrinks considerably and prepares to pupate. Often people mistake this stage for a dead or dying caterpillar. This pupal stage lasts approximately 18 days. During the pupal stage, structures of the adult moth form within the pupal case, which is shed during eclosion (adult emergence).

This large caterpillar turns into the Carolina sphinx moth and is considered one of the biggest agricultural pests that damage eggplants, potato, and tomato plants.

This plant family usually creates chemicals that prevent most insects from feeding on them, but this is not the case with this green caterpillar. The scientists have become very interested in its physiology.

The researchers have first decided to sequence the tobacco hornworm’s genome about seven years ago. Scientists can easily gather tissue samples from the caterpillar because of its large size. It is known to stretch up to 10 centimeters long and weighs more than 10 grams.

They wanted to analyze the insect’s protein found in its blood to discover how it protects them against infections. The team managed to purify the caterpillar’s DNA and sent it to the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center for the genome sequencing.

The sequencing of the green caterpillar’s genome can lead to a better understanding of its biology and behavior. Moreover, the study can reveal the similarities and differences between humans and caterpillars, thus evaluating the way the immune system works. This could also help the evolution of the insect pest management.

This green caterpillar could help us understand many biological processes such as animal development and insect metamorphosis. Also, the way the immune system operates and the caterpillar’s role in interactions with pathogens, the mystery behind the wars waged between pest insects and the plants on which they feed.

Manduca which comes from the Latin “glutton” underlines how the green caterpillar can easily consume multiple plants to reach its size and sexta comes from the six orange spots on the moth’s abdomen.

Image source:Wikipedia

Filed Under: Tech & Science

U.S Children Have a Poor Heart Health Condition

August 13, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

children heart health

U.S children scored low on heart health

Studies showed that U.S children scored low on heart health. The American Heart Association (AHA) report found that fewer children are having healthy habits or taking care of their heart health.

Less than 1 percent of American children are achieving the organization’s definition of ideal cardiovascular health.

Babies are usually born with healthy hearts but during their childhood, they should attend their cardiovascular health in order to live a healthy life.

Seven standards of good heart health must be followed, AHA states. The standards include sustaining healthy blood pressure, blood sugar levels and cholesterol. Also having a healthy weight in relation to height (BMI – body mass index), not smoking and getting enough physical activity.

The lead author, Dr. Julia Steinberger, mentioned that the main reasons why kids fail to maintain their cardiovascular health are unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity. Because their meals are mostly based on sugary foods and drinks, 91 percent of U.S. children have poor diets.

When it comes to meeting the minimum recommended amount of physical activity, only half of the American boys aged six to eleven managed to achieve it and only a third of American young girls with the same age.

Children aged 16 to 19 are even less likely to complete the minimum recommended physical activity.
Moreover, around one-third of the American population has admitted at least trying cigarettes. The rates among boys were slightly higher than girls, the study showed.

Researchers believe that schools should be more involved in promoting a healthy lifestyle for children because the obesity rates are around 10 to 27 percent in U.S kids, depending on their age category.

According to the study, blood pressure is normal for around 90 percent of the American children. However, 37 percent of boys and 20 percent of girls have increased blood sugar levels. Moreover, a third of adolescents and children have high cholesterol levels.

Unhealthy behaviors are demonstrated to continue even when children get older. Studies showed that less than 60 percent of adolescents have an ideal MBI level, while more than a third of the teens admitted smoking cigarettes in the last 30 days.

Studies proved that more research is needed as well as improved surveillance in order to better track the cardiovascular health in children.

Image source: Flickr

Filed Under: Health

Blue Whirl, the New Type of Fire Discovered by Scientists

August 10, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

Blue Whirl, a beautiful new kind of fire

Blue Whirl is a new type of fire

Scientists have published a new study mentioning the discovery of blue whirl, a new type of fire. It is a whirling blue-colored tornado that researchers believe will be used to help burn off oil on the surface of water without adding much to air pollution.

While creating a lab-controlled fire tornado over water, the researchers at the University of Maryland discovered the blue whirl. This water-based fire exhibited an intense blue color and strong stability in comparison to the bright red or orange traditional fire whirls which are usually significantly turbulent.

Fire whirls are usually vertical funnels of flames that stir potentially hazardous, debris-carrying storms. They are frequently yellow because they do not have enough oxygen and cause soot and incomplete burning.

The investigation was initially set out to analyze the combustion and burning dynamics of fire whirls on water. Because the researchers were interested in using the whirl to clean up oil spills, they added liquid fuel to water. After multiple experiments, the team observed that the resulting fire whirl ultimately converted into a small, intensely whirling blue flame.

According to ScienceAlert, researchers still do not know why the bright red or orange traditional fire is turbulent, while the new type of fire is quiet with no signs of turbulence. The next step for the blue whirl would be to create it outside the laboratory conditions.

According to the researchers, the blue flame has a cleaner burn, a complete combustion which leads to less or no soot.

Scientists believe that the blue whirls could one day be used as an environmentally friendly approach to clean ocean oil spills.

Traditional methods of dealing with oil spills involve burning the oil on the surface of the water which usually generates harmful emissions. This method can only be applied if the oil spills are gathered at the surface of the water and pushed into a thick layer. However, researchers believe that even when the oil spills are gathered, this procedure is unable to remove the oil entirely.

The process would be far less complicated when using the blue whirl, and its effectiveness will be much higher.

Image source: Public Domain

Filed Under: Tech & Science, Uncategorized

Red Meat Shortens Your Life

August 2, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

red meat

red meat shortens your life

New studies have shown that red meat shortens your life. It appears that this protein source is not a very healthy one.

Health fitness instructors and dietitians warn people of the consequences that red meat can have on our health.

Studies have been conducted on individuals who get their proteins mostly from red meat and on people who have a more plant based diet and get their proteins from fish and chicken. The risk of getting heart disease increases with the consumption of unprocessed red meat.

Moreover, it was proved that changing your lifestyle with a plant-based diet can lower the risk of premature death, depending on the type of meat that you substitute it with.

The probability of premature death decreased by 34 percent when people tried to replace red processed meat, 12 percent if people ate fewer eggs, and 12 percent if people ate less unprocessed meat. Interestingly, these effects have been proved to be more intense on individuals who already had obesity problems or that were heavy drinkers or smokers.

The results of these studies revealed that processed meat contains loads of nitrates and sodium that for decades have been associated with cancer and heart problems. Moreover, red meat contains a high quantity of cholesterol and saturated fats that translate into extra calories. These additional calories are related to weight problems that lead to heart diseases.

The studies have also concluded that the consumption of dairy and eggs is not as bad as eating red meat or processed foods.

Nobody says to give up entirely the consumption of processed meat, but if one has three meals a day based on red meat protein, it is highly recommended to at least try and substitute the processed red meat with chicken, fish or a plant based diet at least for a while.

Plant proteins have been proved to be healthier because they are full of antioxidants, fibers, B-vitamins, and extra healthy nutrients that, of course, have fewer calories, thus being associated with a healthier way of living. One can get plant proteins from nuts, legumes, beans, bread, and pasta, so these various sources will help obtain all the nutrients and vitamins needed for the organism.

Image source: public domain pictures

Filed Under: Health

SwiftKey App Fixed Bug That Leaked User Details

July 30, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

SwiftKey dark and light

Hey, SwiftKey, are you okay?

According to some users, the latest update of the app backfired a week later when the new emoji-predicting keyboard started making some strange suggestions.

It appears as if the app mixed some jars and started using user data as suggestions sent to complete strangers. The suggestions were pertaining to names, email accounts, and phone numbers – all of which is very sensitive information.

Acquired by Microsoft for $250 million earlier in 2016, SwiftKey is an app which uses artificial intelligence to make useful suggestions based on the user’s typing habits.

Machine learning is involved in performing this task so SwiftKey can understand the patterns of communication between users; the unique words or phrases are then stored in a database. The app, which is available on both Android and iOS, is considered one of the best apps that wield both machine learning and AI.

In order to amplify its database and make sure it makes accurate suggestions, SwiftKey needs to process quite a lot of personal information, including previous texts, emails, and recurring phrases and names.

What is more, the app has been equipped with a sync tool that allows users to access their predictive data across various devices that use the same account. However, a glitch in this synchronization feature has allowed a few users to inadvertently gain access to information belonging to others.

SwiftKey emoji prediction

Thankfully, the strangers quickly let each other know of the error, which helped Microsoft to catch wind of the problem. One SwiftKey user received an email from a stranger who warned them their details were compromised.

Both his private and work email addresses had been predicted as suggestions on a brand new phone; the anonymous source said he found a large number of contacts in his SwiftKey alphabet that he reported to their owners.

According to SwiftKey, the problem was generated by a bug in the sync feature, so the company swiftly switched it off the glitch is fixed. Other than that, SwiftKey guarantees the app is secure, given that the number of those affected by the bug was insignificant.

“We take users’ privacy and security very seriously,” SwiftKey wrote in a recent blog post.

Image Source: 1, 2

Filed Under: Tech & Science

Transgender Identity Will No Longer Be Considered Mental Illness

July 29, 2016 By Cristopher Hall 1 Comment

Conchita Wurst has a transgender identity

Conchita Wurst is one of the few well-seen celebrities with a transgender identity.

The World Health Organization has decided to remove transgender identity from the list of mental illnesses. This is the first time in many years that the official list is being updated.

The United Nations decided to revise the categorization of behavioral and mental disorders. The new and improved list will be released sometime in 2018.

The change comes in the nick of time as the Lance Psychiatry magazine just published a new article that brings compelling arguments on why transgender identity should not be classified as a mental illness.

Geoffrey Reed, the lead researcher in the case, stated that transgender identity was classified as a mental illness in order for doctors to be able to deny health care to transgender individuals.

“Stigma associated with both mental disorder and transgender identity has contributed to the precarious legal status, human rights violations, and barriers to appropriate care among transgender people,” the lead researcher declared.

Reed also stated that the proposal did not meet any opposition from the other members of the organization.

Reed and his team interviewed a sample of 250 transgender individuals with ages between 18 and 65. The researchers found that even though most participants experienced some level of distress during their lives, in the majority of cases the suffering was generated by violence and social rejection, not negative feelings or confusion.

The next step in the process is for other studies from different countries to confirm the thesis of Dr. Reed and his associates.

Unfortunately, even if the classification is changed, most negative opinions will linger, and the violent behavior towards transgender individuals will not change suddenly. However, researchers are hopeful that by removing transgender identity from the list of mental illness, stigmatization may be reduced in the long term.

Dr. Robles, the co-author of the paper, declared that among the participants, there was a surprisingly high number of individuals who received backlash from their own families.

The authors of the cited study were also aware of the limitations of their paper. The participation in the survey was volunteer-based, so there is a possibility that they interacted with only one kind of transgender individuals.

The scientists believe that the doubts can be removed if other scientists from around the world would conduct the same study, leading to a broader understanding of how transgender individuals see themselves.

Image source: Wikipedia

Filed Under: Health

Android Auto and Apple CarPlay Now Available in Ford’s 2017 Cars

July 25, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

Ford Apple CarPlay

It’s a tight race between Android Auto and Apple CarPlay as both try to dominate the market of infotainment systems.

At CES 2016 which was held in January, the automaker Ford announced that both these services will be available on all of its 2017 models, provided they are equipped with a Sync 3 infotainment system.

While that was good news for owners, now Ford has a new announcement to make: the availability of Sync 3 will also be expanded to all of the company’s 2017 models, which means Apple CarPlay and Android Auto will, as well.

Many of the 2017 models – such as the Mustang, Explorer, Escape, and Fusion – were already compatible with the system, but the American automaker is no expanding the list to include every car (and light truck) in the production line. Later this year, the Super Duty heavy-duty truck will also be fitted with Sync 3 on its launch.

Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatible with Ford’s Sync 3

The unpopular Sync with MyFord Touch system was replaced in 2016 by Sync 3, whose debut involved various improvements. The new service with its streamlined menus and more responsive touchscreen finally elevated Ford in the business of infotainment systems.

Ford Sync 3 System

Also rolling out the compatibility with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto will help Sync 3 become a more worthy rival for other carmakers’ systems, many of which already offer even better features.

Both Apple and Android services enable users to access their smartphones by using the built-in controls of their vehicles. The car’s infotainment system is covered by a layer of Apple or Android-specific features, such as similar interfaces, Apple Maps, Google Maps, or Siri voice control for Apple users.

If you want to pair your smartphone with the car’s dashboard, you have to download the corresponding app. Ford reported saying that everything regarding its infotainment system will be carefully maintained and constantly updated with over-the-air software updates.

But if you’re not a fan of Android Auto or Apple CarPlay, Ford’s own app suite, called Sync AppLink, is still on the table. Apps for music streaming like Pandora, Spotify, and weather forecast like AccuWeather are already compatible with AppLink, but Ford hopes to attract even more developers.

Image Sources: 1, 2

Filed Under: Tech & Science

Milky Way Center Marked by X-shaped Structure

July 20, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

milky way center

Astronomers revealed they might have found an enormous X-shaped structure located right in the center of our Milky Way galaxy.

According to the scientists involved, the central bulge of the X structure is made of numerous stars, and its discovery was possible through a research effort funded by Twitter.

The center of the Milky Way – which is a barred spiral galaxy – is filled with hundreds of billions of stars, estimated to measure roughly 100,000 light years in diameter. Unlike conventional spiral galaxies, barred spiral galaxies like ours do not feature a bulge containing spiral arms.

Instead, the center has a particular bar-shaped or rectangular structure inside them and a bulge of constantly moving stars in its center. The intensive study of the Milky Way was possible thanks to the survey data provided by NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).

It was back in 2010 when WISE surveyed the entire sky, leading astronomers to suspect that the center of the Milky Way includes an X-shaped structure. However, no one had a chance to observe it directly.

Last year, when the galactic maps generated by WISE were posted on Twitter, the curiosity regarding the central bulge of our galaxy came to the public’s attention again.

That allowed astronomers to review the galaxy’s structure thoroughly once more. In turn, the renewed research effort sparked by Twitter resulted in the unexpected findings of the X shape at the center of the galaxy.

What does the X mark tell us about Milky Way’s history?

“We see the boxy shape, and the X within it, clearly in the WISE image, which demonstrates that internal formation processes have driven the bulge formation,” explained Melissa Ness, one of the two researchers from Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany who were leading the study.

More conclusions about the history of our galaxy can be drawn from this discovery. According to Ness, the fact that the shape is fairly undisrupted suggests that the Milky Way has led a quiet life with little to no major merging events after the formation of the central bulge.

This research project could put an end to the longstanding debate about whether or not there is an X-shaped structure at the core of the Milky Way.
Image Source: ABC News

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: core of milky way, Milky Way, milky way center, milky way galaxy, x-shaped structure

Low-income Families Lack Affordable Dental Care in the US

July 18, 2016 By Cristopher Hall Leave a Comment

dental care

Since it’s not always covered by Medicaid, dental care for adults has become a luxury that only the upper-middle and upper class can afford – at least in some states. Cost is the main barrier that stops people in the middle- and low-income families from being able to access dental care.

According to a recent survey of the American Dental Association, no less than 20 percent of low-income adults are in need of dental care they cannot afford, for their mouth and teeth are in poor condition.

In response to the crisis that appears on the horizon, the Department of Health & Human Services has awarded last month $156 million to 420 health centers across the United States.

The funding’s main target is to address the worrying demand for affordable dental coverage in various states. The department has revealed that 108 million Americans benefit from no dental insurance, and even for those who are covered, accessibility issues arise.

Medicaid or not, dental care is not affordable for many

Some of the people who are covered by Medicaid have confessed they have trouble getting appointments, mostly because doctors do not have enough incentives to treat them (reimbursement rates are often too low).

Therefore, a lot of people resort to health centers for their dental care. However, seeing that these centers depend on federal funding, they often face problems in providing the kind of dental services the patients need.

According to Marko Vujicic, leading economist of the Health Policy Institute in the American Dental Association, coverage is still the biggest issue. More and more adults have been reporting financial obstacles to accessing dental care.

“Dental insurance is not really health insurance. Health insurance is to help you smooth out the risk, it protects people from catastrophic costs”, Vujicic explained.

At the same time, it’s not really news that dental health coverage is not helping people; even dentists know it. Reports show that in 2015, only half of those with dental insurance had at least one dentist appointment, compared to merely 17 percent of the completely uninsured.

Seeing that tooth decay and periodontal disease are both considered a key factor in the development of heart disease, both of these numbers are abysmal.
Image Source: Pixabay

Filed Under: Health Tagged With: annual dentist visits, dental care, dental care in the US, low-income families, Medicaid and dental care

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